The most common surname in the UK is Smith, a name of Middle English origin that originally referred to a metalworker, such as a blacksmith.
Given the importance of the trade across centuries, it's no surprise that Smith became so widespread – today, it's the most common surname in Scotland, England, and the UK as a whole. Even BBC Countryfile has a presenter with the surname Smith – meet Charlotte Smith!
But Smith isn't alone. Across the UK, many surnames reveal fascinating stories about family history, occupations, and regional identity.
Most common surname in England
In England, the most common surname is Smith, followed by Jones, Williams, Taylor, and Brown. These names often have occupational or patronymic origins, reflecting the trades or familial connections of early ancestors.
What is a Patronymic surname?
Patronymic surnames are those that originally derived from the father’s name, such as Davidson (“son of David”) or Johnson (“son of John”).
In Welsh names Patronymic surnames include Powell: From "ap Hywel," meaning son of Hywel and Bevan, taken from "ab Evan," meaning son of Evan.
There are also surnames that describe the original bearer, like Brown, Short, or Tall. Interestingly, some of these may have been ironic – for example, Short could have been given to someone who was unusually tall.
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Most common surname in Wales
In Wales, Jones tops the list, a patronymic surname meaning "son of John" that became common in the British Isles after the Norman Conquest of 1066. Other common Welsh surnames include Williams, Davies, Evans, and Thomas, many of which also have patronymic origins, indicating descent from notable ancestors.
Most common surname in Scotland
After Smith, the most common surnames in Scotland are Brown, Wilson, Robertson, and Stewart, according to the National Records of Scotland.
These names often reflect occupations, physical characteristics, or familial lineage. For instance, "Robertson" means "son of Robert," and "Stewart" is derived from an old Scottish title.
Most common surname in Northern Ireland
In Northern Ireland, Wilson is the most common surname, followed by Campbell, Kelly, Johnston, and Moore. These names have diverse origins, including English, Scottish, and Irish roots, reflecting the region's complex history and settlement patterns.
Other familiar surnames like Davies, Evans, Wilson, Johnson, and Robinson also feature heavily across the UK, each carrying its own linguistic and cultural heritage. Together, these names form part of the living history of Britain, reflecting the trades, families, and identities that shaped the country.
You can search for historical data using the Census records at the National Archives.
Discover more on family history, including How to trace your rural family tree. We also have expert guides to tracing your rural family tree, including how to begin, which records to check, and all the digital resources you need.
Discover more about your ancestors at our sister title, whodoyouthinkyouaremagazine.com. Good luck!
