Dogs have been companions, hunters, guardians and workers for many thousands of years. From etchings in caves to mummified dogs in tombs, there is evidence that some dog breeds have been around a lot longer than we think. Here, we explore some of the oldest known dog breeds and the remarkable stories of their travels across the globe.
Oldest dog breeds
Siberian husky
The Siberian husky originates in Northeast Siberia, used for long-distance sled hauling by the Chukchi people. They have continued in this role as part of many famous sled expeditions and in sled racing from the 20th century. Its linear is reportedly over 9,500 years old, and is linked to other sled dogs such as the Alaskan Malamute.
Akita inu
Originating from the mountains of northern Japan, Akitas were used as hunting dogs – believed to date back to the 1600s. They were later domesticated and owned by royals, used to hunt large game, and have a strong connection to the Japanese samurai. Their bear-shaped head is matched with a fox-like appearance, giving them a distinctive character and making them one of the most beautiful dog breeds.
Afghan hound
Closely related to the saluki, the Afghan hound was traditionally found in the mountains of the Middle East. But its history might extend far earlier, as the Afghan hound is believed to have originated several thousand years ago in ancient Egypt – but there’s not enough evidence for this to be confirmed.
Various sighthounds were brought back to England in the 1800s by army officers returning from the Indian-Afghan border wars, the Afghan hound among them (you can find out more about the arrival of domesticated dogs in Britain here). Tall and long-legged, the Afghan hound is one of the biggest dog breeds – and is also one of the healthiest dog breeds, with a surprisingly long lifespan.
Did you know? Despite its majestic long coat, the Afghan hound is a dog breed that doesn't shed, so is a good hypoallergenic option.
Greyhound
Egyptian tomb drawings dating from 3000BC show dogs that strongly resemble greyhounds, so there’s a possibility the greyhound is among the earliest dog breeds. They were bred for hunting, particularly for chasing and catching prey like hares and deer, thanks to their incredible speed. Greyhounds are among the fastest dog breeds in the world, and are one of the best family dogs for people with children.
Basenji
The curious ‘bark’ of the Basenji is one of its calling cards – a strange yodelling sound, giving it its nickname, the ‘barkless dog’. The first Basenjis were believed to be brought from the source of the Nile as gifts to the pharaohs of ancient Egypt, making it a key contender for the oldest dog breed. They originate from the Congo in central Africa, which gives the breed its name, meaning ‘dog of the bush’.
Saluki
Among the oldest dog breeds, some experts believe salukis date back to 7000BC. Believed to have been revered in ancient Egypt and kept as pets to the royals, the saluki might have been the oldest dog breed to have been domesticated. Dogs with a striking resemblance to salukis were even mummified alongside pharaohs and were seen on Egyptian graves and on archaeological discoveries from this time.
Alaskan Malamute
This working dog dates back thousands of years, with origins in the Mahlemiut Iniut people of Alaska, from whom the breed takes its name. Like many other breeds from this region, the Alaskan Malamute was used in hauling sleds and assisting in hunting.
Chow chow
Tracing back to ancient China and the Han Dynasty over 2,000 years ago, the chow chow is believed to be among the oldest dog breeds – initially used as companions and guards to the Chinese nobility. They have remained a favoured Royal dog breed, with Queen Victoria owning one during her reign.
Tibetan mastiff
Thought to be the ancestor of all modern mastiff breeds, the Tibetan mastiff was used in Tibet to guard livestock and protect monasteries from predators such as wolves and bears. This ancient breed was initially called ‘Do-Khyi’ or ‘tied dog’: a reference to its role as a guard dog, which was tied to the gates during the day and let out to roam and protect monks at night.
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